化疗期间饮食- 新鲜的牛肉和海鲜究竟是“发物”还是容易消化的高蛋白食物?
第一节 牛肉是“发物”,海鲜也是”发物”,以讹传讹的传统观念会严重影响患者容易消化的高蛋白食物摄入 – 关于化疗期间饮食的观念误区
所谓的传统文化观念,起码就要追溯到上一辈流传下来的观念了,现在的年轻人可能不知道,50年前国内农业耕种只有少量的拖拉机,而耕种的主力主要是靠牛力耕种,那时的耕牛是受严格保护的生产工具,杀耕牛吃牛肉是刑事犯罪行为,有杀一头耕牛吃肉被以破坏生产罪抓捕判15年有期徒刑的。所以,那个年代除非耕牛已经病死或老死了,是没有人敢于杀牛吃牛肉的,那时市面上不像现在到处都有新鲜的牛肉卖,只是偶尔有老死或病死的耕牛牛肉在非正常的渠道卖,正因为那时没有像现在一样有专门养来作为肉食的“菜牛”,几乎所有偶尔可以买到的牛肉都是病死的牛肉,因为那时物质缺乏,肉食更加的缺乏,而偷偷卖牛肉的人也会借口说这只牛是摔断了脚,被杀掉卖肉的不是病牛肉,健康人明知道这是病牛肉有问题,也会恃着身体免疫力好而冒险吃这些难得一见的病牛肉,但是,人们怕病牛肉会给身体不好的病人吃,病牛肉的毒性会引发病人的疾病加重;所以,基本不让患者吃这种牛肉。那时的医生也就根据当时的这种特别情况,看病的时候会医嘱患者不要吃牛肉,说牛肉是“发物”,大概意思就是说吃病牛的牛肉,会引发患者病发更严重的意思,这也是“发物”一词的来源。
而现在专门养来杀后吃肉的肉食牛,饲养就非常科学,检疫更是层层把关,类似疯牛病等牛的瘟疫一旦发生,整个农场的肉牛都会被政府的防疫部门杀光填埋掉,市面上卖的牛肉为了保持牛肉的新鲜,售卖时还会把牛肉陈列于冷冻冰鲜的销售柜里,根本就没有病牛肉上市和不新鲜的牛肉售卖,传统的社会环境不一样,供应市场的牛肉、销售和购买的环境也不一样,50年前绝大部分供应市场的牛肉是“发物”,现在绝大部分供应市场的牛肉是肠癌患者容易消化、吸收的高蛋白食物,因为它不肥腻,口感好,还是患者普遍爱吃和能够多吃的宝贝肉类的首选;做牛肉汤或者牛尾巴汤,还是患者迅速提高血象的特效食物;患者和家属要是不加分析而听信传统以讹传讹的“发物”说法,而忌口不敢吃牛肉,是一件非常可惜和愚昧的事情,所以我在这里独辟一节专门给各地的患者治疗、化疗、康复期间难得的可口高蛋白食物牛肉平反、正名。
第二节 海鲜也是”发物”,又一个以讹传讹的传统观念,也是影响患者失去进食容易消化的高蛋白食物的机会
又是传统的医嘱、又是传统观念作怪,又得追溯到上一代人海鲜的生产和供应环节和环境了,以前渔船基本没有冷冻设备,南方渔船出远海会去通常建在海边的冷冻厂购买大块的冰块存放在船的底仓里,几天后抓到鱼获后渔民就会打碎这些冰块,鱼获的保鲜都是靠这些冰块保鲜,直到渔船回港卸货鱼获给供销社统一收购之后,按照配给数量卖给城市居民,收购和储存和出卖过程,都是靠这些少量的冰块跟鱼获混在一起,去勉强保证这些鱼获在港口城市还能够勉强保持“新鲜”,而港口城市的居民基本都能够分辨各种海鲜是否新鲜,所以港口城市的医生一般不会把海鲜列入“发物”医嘱病人,更多的是医嘱患者或家属让患者多喝新鲜的浓鱼汤补身体。
而把海鲜列入中医生“发物”医嘱的一般是内陆城市、交通不便的农村地区;正如上面所述海鲜从海上被捕捞到运回港口城市,从港口城市再转折运到内陆城市时,虽然有少量冰块的降温勉强保鲜,但是通常距离被捕捞起来时已经过去十几天了;所以,我们这些住在港口城市的人,见惯港口海鲜的新鲜度的人,在内陆城市的市场售卖的“海鲜”,基本都是散发着一股腐败的味道,这种新鲜度的海鲜,在港口城市是无人问津的;所以,往往内陆城市做海鲜都是煎炸和加辣椒、花椒,加姜葱蒜、洋葱等很多味道很重的佐料,才能够去除海鱼那种不新鲜的味道,你在内陆城市几乎看不到海鲜是清蒸的,就是适应、补救海鲜不新鲜的做法。
那时,内陆城市的健康人对海鲜新鲜度的认知也有偏差,经过饭店煎炸之后放重味道做出来的“海鲜”也还能接受,但是,经验上人们感觉身体不好的病人吃这种海鲜会引发病人的疾病加重;所以,基本不让患者吃这种“海鲜”。那时的医生也就根据当时的这种特别情况,看病的时候会医嘱患者不要吃海鲜,说海鲜是“发物”,大概意思就是说吃“海鲜”,会引发患者病发更严重的意思,这也是海鲜是“发物”说法的来源。
其实,现在的远海渔船都有冷冻设备、沿海的鱼获冷冻仓库保鲜技术和冷链运输条件、超市展销时的保鲜条件跟几十年前已经不可同日而语,但是,内陆城市的“海鲜”相对港口城市海鲜不新鲜,这种客观情况还是相对存在的,所以,我们肠癌群主张内陆城市和乡村的患者就吃当地江河里、水库里活的淡水鱼,而不要吃海鲜,而鼓励港口城市的患者多吃又新鲜、又便宜、又容易消化吸收的高蛋白海鲜。新鲜的海鲜不是“发物”,不单只可以吃而且要多吃,内陆城市的患者就吃活的淡水鱼;西医医嘱要多吃的容易消化的高蛋白食物,活鱼和新鲜的海鲜是患者的第一选择。
第三节 牛肉和海鲜不是“发物”,但是各地患者食物要遵循三大原则采购和烹饪
针对国内幅员辽阔,各省、各地市优势食材、习惯食材、烹饪方法、口味差异很大,很难整合出一套合适各地患者的食材和患者口味品种的菜谱或饮食清单,供各地患者和家属参考应用;而因为天气、地理和民族的饮食习惯,西北各省多回民和草原,那里的人长年吃羊肉一点问题都没有,而南方人基本要冬天才敢吃羊肉,夏天吃羊肉就会上火便秘,再吃就会发热感冒;港口城市的人常年吃带壳海鲜,而内陆人到沿海城市吃带壳海鲜,很容易拉肚子。所以,我针对各地食材新鲜度,饮食习惯和口味不同的情况,总结出来《化疗期间全国各地患者选用食材和做法的四大原则》,供国内各省的患者和家属掌握,参考执行,下面将另辟一章,专门研究全国各地的食疗、食材问题。
- 第一个原则是容易消化的高蛋白原则,每个地方都有活鱼和牛肉,两者都是比较容易消化的含高蛋白食物。
- 第二个原则是患者爱吃和能够多吃原则,尽量做患者爱吃和能够多吃的口味,再好的食材和做法,患者不爱吃或不能够多吃都不好。
- 第三个原则是就地取材原则,牛肉全国到处都有,海边的人吃海鱼,内陆的人吃活的地方出产的淡水鱼,又便宜又新鲜。
- 第四个原则是肠胃友好原则,在符合上述三大原则的前提下,选择平时对患者体质和肠胃比较友好的食物,这类食物患者的肠胃比较擅长也习惯从这些食物中吸取营养,患者多吃这些食物也不会导致患者肠胃难以适应,而导致食积、消化不良而引起便秘、湿热和拉稀,食物被消化吸收的不到一半,食疗工作就事半功倍了。
延伸阅读
- [超低位直肠癌诊疗篇] 术前分期3a期以上患者勉强做保肛手术 复发转移率非常高
- [肠癌康复期复查篇3] — 复查报告医生看什么?患者、家属看什么?
- 很多癌症患者不是死于癌症本身 而是营养不良!
- 化疗期护理 – 止吐止泻
- 肠癌的一般诊断和治疗方法
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