解读肠癌复查报告的几个关键要点

什么是复查报告惊魂,什么是复查报告启示,解读复查报告的几个关键要点,让你解读复查报告时心里有底

第一节 复查时刻像高考,复发惊魂真不少,科学治疗勇面对,读懂报告免烦恼

解读复查报告是现在几个正规肠癌群里,除了选医院选医生、病情分期、治疗流程、治疗手段,保肛与否、患者护理,身体调理、止吐止泻、升红升白、吻合口炎、肛门护理、造口护理、放疗护理、大便紊乱处理等主要询问的共性项目之外,又一个讨论最多,要求解答最多的询问项目;也因此我6年的肠癌群解答经历里,研究群友的复查报告超过了5000张,也是我请教医生最多的报告之一,比研究术后病理多不止一倍,很多第一年治疗期结束就回归正常生活没有来群里交流的群友,在复查期就开始冒泡了,都感觉每次复查就像经历一场高考似的;患者家属做完检查报告出来之后,很多等不及挂号看医生解画,就急急忙忙发到群里来咨询,问问检查结果是否复发转移了,因为复查报告里似是而非吓人的字眼和词汇太多了,一知半解的患者或家属拿到报告都要承受极大的心理压力;有些患者和家属拿到报告就哭起来或者辗转反侧、整夜失眠。

当发到群里来的时候,经过我的初步解读之后,绝大多数都如释重负;当然也有一些患者或家属拿到有复发转移迹象的检查报告,自己并不知道问题的严重性,也不知道该怎么处理,该挂哪个科?找什么医生处理大概率复发转移的事情;经过我的解答之后很多患者和家属心里就有底了,大概知道问题的严重性和知道要去哪级医院找什么医生确诊或排除;对到了复查期,心中忐忑,总怕复查结果是复发转移的家属和患者,有些患者和家属甚至不按期复查不敢面对复查结果,我根据经验总是鼓励患者和家属,只要你确诊之后都进行各项必要的科学治疗了,每一步都没有走弯路,正常手术、正常放化疗了,就要勇敢也坦然的接受复查结果,要在群里学会粗略看懂检查报告,不懂就发到群里我帮你解画,让你见医生解画之前心里有底,大概知道跟医生交流的有限时间里,应该重点请教、讨论些什么问题,该找什么医生看报告,或者要找多一个医生看报告,慢慢的群里爱学习的群友也能够掌握一些看报告的技巧,群里讨论的话题也越来越“专业”了;跟医生的沟通也越来越有效率了。

第二节  复查报告出来之后,还没有找医生解读之前,复发惊魂时时有,正确解读免烦恼

而我的各种复查报告解读质量也在逐年的提高,到第三四年的时候,简单和共性的复查检查报告的解读质量已经跟医生的解读质量很接近了,经常在群里听到的一句话就是,我解答复查报告之后几天,群友挂号见完医生解画之后忽然回群里来说:“医生说的跟你说的话一模一样”,有些一走出医生的诊室就急急忙忙的给群里报喜讯,刚刚拿到报告的悲观失望情绪一扫而空,以至于很多拿到报告见完医生解画的群友,都要发给我看看让我解释一通之后才放心,而她们一般不先说医生怎么说,当听完我的解画跟医生说的大致相同的时候,她们才彻底放心。而在全国十大肿瘤医院复查的报告和该院医生解读复查报告的结论和解释结论的原因,却是我重点学习的好机会,我总会不厌其详的询问群友,这些医生怎么解读某种报告描述的共性问题和个性问题,以期从密集的解读和研究、印证全国十大肿瘤医院医生的诊断依据和后续的治疗措施。

它不单只可以给群友做科普和给群友做复查后还没见医生时的初步判断,和勾画跟医生沟通的重点。它更是比较其它非专业医院复查时,手术医生解读报告水平的一个标杆,也是发现某些不专业的医生做出的不专业的解读和不专业的后续治疗措施,而提醒群友应该去省肿瘤医院找医生再解读一遍报告,甚至再做一遍检查的根据,以期让省肿瘤医院的专家去纠正某些不专业的医生的诊疗错误。我不是专业医生,我没有诊疗资格或者评判资格说某些医生诊疗错误,但是我可以根据经验提醒群友有必要找更高水平的医生重复一次检查,比对两种检查结果和治疗措施是否一致,去确保对患者的诊疗做法是相对正确的!!

第三节  一般肿标复查报告惊魂的肿瘤标志物超标不用惊慌,在等待医生解画复查报告前自己心中有数

肿标报告的复发转移惊魂:

很多患者或家属见到肿瘤标志物超标了,就被吓得够呛,很多拿完报告还没见医生解画时,就被红色标注的肿瘤标志物ca724/ca199/ca125/ca153、ca242的某一项指标忽然升高超标吓一大跳,认为肿瘤标志物升高就等同于患者复发转移了,有些脆弱的家属拿到报告之后,找个没人的地方悲从中来大哭一场之后,才记得把报告发到群里来,经过我三言两语的报告解读之后瞬间转悲为喜,破涕为笑。其实,上述说的肠癌患者在复查项目里,生化报告要求检测的肿瘤标志物敏感指标里,医生主要还是看癌胚抗原cea指标是否升高超过正常值,而在癌胚抗原cea值正常的情况下,ca724/ca199/ca125/ca153、ca242的某一项轻微升高了,并不意味着肠癌复发转移了,因为它们本来就不是特异性的肿瘤标志物,通常它们不正常的大幅升高还得合并癌胚抗原大幅升高,才有参考意义,而当大概率的确认患者复发转移之后,我还会让患者或家属发术前核磁报告,术后病理报告,询问患者术后做了什么放化疗方案,完成放化疗方案的质量,会去梳理患者从确诊至复发转移的整个治疗过程有什么瑕疵,去大概率的分析出患者导致复发转移的大概率原因,以作为累积经验作为教训为后来者避免这种失误,储存反面案例教材,以警醒走弯路不回头的患者或家属。

CT强报告,胸正片报告,核磁影像报告的复发转移惊魂主要有下列几种:

  1. 肝肺有多发囊肿或囊肿增大的;
  2. 肝内有钙化灶的;
  3. 肝有血管瘤,有强化结节描述的;
  4. 肝内有囊性低密度影的;
  5. 肝有异常灌注高密度影的;
  6. 肺有强化条索影的;
  7. 肺有首次描述的磨玻璃结节的
  8. 肺有强化钙化灶、钙化片的;
  9. 肝肺周边有淋巴结影货小淋巴结的;
  10. 结直肠吻合口有不均匀增厚的;
  11. 结直肠吻合口周围有小淋巴结影、或者小淋巴结的;
  12. 吻合口有长t1,长t2信号接近水性结节的;
  13. 双肾和膀胱、妇科器官囊性灶结节的;
  14. 子宫肌瘤有强化灶表述的;
  15. 胆结石强化灶的;

以上15中复发转移惊魂是我这6年来研究过的超过5000张复查报告里,患者或家属看见上述表述,而惊慌失措的复发转移惊魂的影像报告各种表述的大体内容,因为复发转移患者的报告通常会有高密度结节、强化结节、结节增大、多发类圆形的实性或强化结节、环形不均匀强化结节,环形强化结节,多发小淋巴结,多发肿大淋巴结的表述;所以多数一知半解的患者或家属在复查报告里,看见“多发”“低密度影”特别是“各种强化”表述,各种“增大”表述,各种“淋巴结增大”各种“增厚”表述特别敏感,也磨玻璃结节在肺癌来说就是很敏感的表述,所以患者和家属也非常敏感;而上述15种影像报告里的大概率良性表述语言,基本都是似是而非的包含了上述敏感词汇的某种信息,这对复查期如惊弓之鸟的患者或家属来说,这类杯弓蛇影的表述就足以让一些人大哭一场,让绝大部分患者和家属拿到报告的时候手发抖,足于让患者或家属辗转反侧、彻夜难眠;

第四节  影像报告要与肿标结合看,跟术后病理、术前核磁报告联系看,跟复查阶段综合看,跟诊疗和完成治疗质量综合判断,以期给患者或家属做出相对准确的初步判断

其实,一般肝肺,特别是肺部以前有过肺炎的人,多多少少都会在肺里留下一些钙化灶,或者轻度强化的条索影,而这些都是以前和现在留在肝肺里的旧伤形成的强化灶,而强化灶三个字就触动了不少一知半解患者和家属高度敏感的神经;而术区术后一般都会有吻合口的正常增厚,周边淋巴结也会正常的炎性增大;但是复发转移的患者也都会有这类描述,只不过程度不一样而已;所以这几种术后正常的“吻合口增厚”“周边淋巴结影或小淋巴结”都成为患者和家属所忌讳的报告表述语言;而在没有见到医生之前大多数都惶惶不可终日;我因为请教过不少医生和看过不少这类研究报告,也看过海量的这类表述的患者影像报告,在医生的解读和后续的复查都证明这类复查惊魂都是虚惊一场;有了八九成经验把握之后我一般都先告诉患者和家属,这些表述根据我的经验判断大概率是良性的,不需要太过紧张,可以放心的等医生做最后解读之后,你们就放心了,很多在群里见到我解读报告多了,也事后也印证绝大部分都跟我解读的差不多,很多的患者或家属听到我的不是复发转移的初步判断之后,多数都如释重负,没见医生之前似乎就心中有数而淡定的不慌不忙的,过几天有其它事情要去医院时再顺便找医生解读报告了。

Ct增强报告,胸正片报告,核磁等影像报告的复发转移惊魂报告表述主要有下列几种:

而从影像报告加上其它检查报告因素综合起来判断,大概率是复发转移的患者复查报告,通常肝和(或)肺会有高密度结节、强化结节、增大结节、多发类圆形的实性或强化结节、环形不均匀强化结节,环形强化结节,纵膈会有多发小淋巴结,多发肿大淋巴结等表述;当有了上述的高概率复发转移怀疑的因素之后;除了结合癌胚抗原数值做判断以外,还得再结合影像检查的异常部位新发结节跟上述肿瘤标志物某个指标吻合,才能够高概率的怀疑某个地方可能出现复发转移了,如:ca119和癌胚抗原cea合并大幅升高,影像检查表述吻合口不正常增厚周边有不正常的包块,甚至肠镜报告发现吻合口有异常的新生物肿块或溃疡,医生会高度怀疑患者原位复发了,而开出PETCT检查单做PETCT检查,以期用PETCT的luv值的读数和非正常摄取值去判断患者是否原位复发,而开出PETCT单子让患者做全身最详细也是最昂贵的影像检查,去发现或者排除其它的器官和身体各部位是否有侵犯或转移病灶。

我通常还会再看看患者的术前核磁报告,看看怀疑复发部位术前核磁是否有复杂的肠外侵犯情况描述,看看术后病理切除出来的患者身体组织是否有该部位切除过被肠外肿瘤侵犯的表述,评判手术质量如何;如是否清扫指南规定的12个淋巴结,发现术后病理做的很不专业,甚至会看看手术医生的简历去综合判断患者接受手术的大概质量,和相应的术后治疗措施是否合乎指南规范;看看肿瘤的性质是否是周边侵犯能力比较强的印戒淋巴癌,去多方面印证患者的复查报告表述内容和诊断结论表述,是否大概率的呼应和印证患者复发转移了!尽量做出患者是否大概率复发转移的初步判断。

每次都梳理勾勒了几个报告重点,让我的初步判断作为患者或家属跟医生请教、交流的重点项目,以帮助患者或家属能够在会见医生的有限时间里,重点的跟医生讨论报告里关键的不确定因素,使患者或家属跟医生对话时有个交流基础和重点内容,它更是下次复查患者或家属要重点跟踪做对比的重要跟踪项目。

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